Dandruff is a common scalp problem that affects millions of Pakistanis each year. No matter if it’s winter or summer, you are likely to experience dandruff. From the humid summers to dry winters, dandruff is a persistent issue.

A study taken by pharmacy students of Hamdard University Karachi found that more than 20% of 353 participants had dandruff. The worst part is that hair loss was reported in 76.2% of the participants. Troublesome, isn’t it? Yes, definitely.

So, as dandruff is one of the root causes of hair fall, we would like to discuss its different types and effective treatments. By reading this blog, we are sure that you will have all the essential information about preventing dandruff. Keep on reading to make yourself knowledgeable.

What Actually is Dandruff?

Simply put, it is a scalp condition where scalps and hair have flakes of skin all over. As a result of dandruff, you are likely to experience itching, which causes discomfort and embarrassment at public gatherings. Even though it is not contagious, it affects confidence greatly.

The primary reasons why you are experiencing dandruff can be dry skin, excessive oil production, allergic reactions, or even fungal infections.

Types of Dandruff

Dandruff comes in different forms, which you should know in order to identify the root cause of why you had dandruff in the first place.

Dry Skin Dandruff

This type of dandruff is very common in winter due to factors like dry air. It occurs because of very little scalp moisture, which makes the skin flake off.

Common Signs of Dry Skin Dandruff

• Small, white flakes
• Itchy scalp
• Dryness on other parts of the body

Causes of Dry Skin Dandruff

• Overuse of hair dryers or heating tools
• Harsh shampoos that strip natural oils
• Cold weather and low humidity

Dry Skin Dandruff Treatment Tips

• Avoid using hot water to wash hair, as it can dry the scalp further. Go for lukewarm water instead.
• Use a hydrating shampoo and conditioner specifically formulated for dry scalps.
• Massage the scalp with natural oils like almond, coconut, or argan oil before washing to keep it moist.
• Add foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E into your diet for better skin hydration.

Oily Scalp Dandruff (Seborrheic Dermatitis)

This type of dandruff is caused when too much oil is produced in scalps. As a result, the ideal environment for dandruff-causing yeast is called Malassezia.

Common Signs of Oily Scalp Dandruff

• Red, irritated skin
• Persistent itchiness
• Yellowish, greasy flakes

Causes of Oily Scalp Dandruff

• Hormonal changes or imbalances
• Excess sebum production
• Stress and poor hygiene

Oily Scalp Dandruff Treatment

• Wash your hair frequently, at least three times a week, to remove excess oil and buildup.
• Avoid heavy or greasy hair products, as they can clog pores and worsen the condition.
• Use an anti-dandruff shampoo containing zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or salicylic acid. These ingredients help balance oil levels and reduce inflammation.
• Maintain a regular scalp cleansing routine, especially during the humid summer months.

Fungal Dandruff

The hot and sweaty summers of Pakistan are a major cause of fungal dandruff. This is caused by an overgrowth of yeast, which thrives in humid conditions.

Common Signs of Fungal Dandruff

• Scalp odor
• Itchy and inflamed scalp
• Persistent flakes that don’t go away easily

Causes of Fungal Dandruff

• Weak immune response
• Humidity and sweat buildup
• Poor hygiene or irregular washing

Fungal Dandruff Treatment

• Wear breathable fabrics and avoid tight headwear during hot weather.
• Avoid sugary and processed foods, as they can promote yeast growth.
• Keep your scalp clean and dry by washing regularly and drying thoroughly after each wash.
• Use medicated shampoos with active ingredients like ketoconazole or piroctone olamine to fight fungal infections.

Allergic Reaction Dandruff

Allergic reaction is a common type of dandruff in Pakistan, and it is developed by allergies to certain hair products like shampoos, dyes, or gels.

Common Signs of Allergic Reaction Dandruff

• Itchy, irritated scalp
• Redness and mild swelling
• Sudden dandruff after using a new product

Causes of Allergic Reaction Dandruff

• Fragrances or preservatives
• Overuse of styling products
• Harsh chemicals in hair products

Allergic Reaction Dandruff Treatment

• Apply aloe vera gel, or chamomile extract to calm the skin.
• Conduct a patch test before trying any new hair product in the future.
• Discontinue using the product immediately and switch to hypoallergenic options.
• Wash your hair with a gentle, sulfate-free shampoo to cleanse the scalp without causing further irritation.

Psoriasis Dandruff

A more serious dandruff condition is Psoriasis Dandruff, where the immune system causes the skin to build up. This happens rapidly and results in thick and scaly patches.

Common Signs of Psoriasis Dandruff

• Red, inflamed skin
• Silvery scales on the scalp
• Flakes that stick to the hair

Causes of Psoriasis Dandruff

• Genetic predisposition
• Autoimmune disorders
• Stress and environmental triggers

Psoriasis Dandruff Treatment

• Avoid scratching the scalp to prevent infections and further irritation.
• Use soothing scalp treatments, such as aloe vera or oatmeal masks, to reduce inflammation.
• Consult a dermatologist for a personal treatment plan, which may include topical corticosteroids or medicated shampoos with coal tar or salicylic acid.

When to See a Dermatologist

In most cases, you don’t have to see a dermatologist, as you can cure dandruff by yourself with a little knowledge. But if you see the following signs, it’s best to see a dermatologist:

• You experience severe itching, redness, or hair loss.
• Developing signs of infection, such as swelling or pus.
• The dandruff spreads to other parts of your body, such as your eyebrows or chest.
• The condition persists despite treatment for several weeks.

Note:
For starters, these are dermatologist-recommended hair products. Consult your doctor and use these as suggested, and you will be sure to experience changes for the better.